Magic Realism

Magic realism is an aesthetic style or genre of fiction, in which magical elements are blended into a realistic atmosphere in order to access a deeper understanding of reality. These magical elements are explained like normal occurrences that are presented in a straightforward manner which allows the "real" and the "fantastic" to be accepted in the same stream of thought.
A literary and visual art genre; creative fields that exhibit less significant signs of magic realism include film and music.

Magic realism was first used in 1925 by the German art critic Franz Roh to refer to a painterly style also known as Neue Sachlichkeit.

                                              Futurism

Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, interior design, theatre, film, fashion, textiles, literature, music, architecture and even gastronomy.

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti launched the movement in his Futurist Manifesto, which he published for the first time on 5 February 1909 in La gazzetta dell'Emilia. He was soon joined by the painters Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Giacomo Balla and Gino Severini

   

                                  

Suprematism

Kasimir Malevich originated Suprematism in 1915 when he was an established painter having exhibited in the Donkey's Tail and the Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) exhibitions of 1912 with cubo-futurist works. Suprematism was an art movement focused on fundamental geometric forms (in particular the square and circle) which formed in Russia in 1915-1916. It was not until later that suprematism received conventional museum preparations.                                                    


                                                      




                                                        Abstract Expressionism

Abstract expressionism was an American post-World War II art movement. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve worldwide influence and put New York City at the center of the western art world. Abstract expressionism" was first applied to American art in 1946 by the art critic Robert Coates.

The movement's name is derived from the combination of the emotional intensity and self-denial of the German Expressionists with the anti-figurative aesthetic of the European abstract schools such as Futurism, the Bauhaus and Synthetic Cubism.

                                                       

Letterism

Letterism is a French avant-garde movement, established in Paris in the mid-1940s by Romanian immigrant Isidore Isou. In French, the movement is called Lettrisme, from the French word for letter, arising from the fact that many of their early works centred around letters and other visual or spoken symbols. Isou and the Lettrists have applied their theories to all areas of art and culture, most notably in poetry, film, painting and political theory. 


                                                        Purism

Purism was a form of Cubism advocated by the French painter Amédée Ozenfant and the architect Charles-Edouard Jeanneret. Purism rejected the decorative trend of cubism and advocated a return to clear, ordered forms that were expressive of the modern machine age as documented in their 1918 book After Cubism.

The two artists, Jeanneret and Ozenfant, strongly objected to developments in Cubist art, particularly the decorative elements. Ozenfant and Le Corbusier wanted a return to more basic forms mainly inspired by modern machinery.Purist works are notable in their explicit use of geometric form and large areas of pure colour, and for their cool and detached paint surfaces.                                                    

                          Neoism

It refers both to a specific subcultural network of artistic performance and media experimentalists, and more generally to a practical underground philosophy. It operates with collectively shared pseudonyms and identities, pranks,paradoxes, plagiarism and fakes, and has created multiple contradicting definitions of itself in order to defy categorization and historization.Neoism also gathered players with backgrounds in graffiti and street performance, language writing (later known as language poetry), experimental film and video, Mail Art, the early Church of the Subgenius and gay and lesbian culture. 

                                                   








                                                     Graffiti

Graffiti has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire times, paint, particularly spray paint, and marker pens have become the most commonly used graffiti materials. Sometimes graffiti expresses social and political messages and a whole genre of artistic expression is based upon spray paint graffiti styles. To some, it is an art form worthy of display in galleries and exhibitions; to others it is merely vandalism.

In 1979, graffiti artist Lee Quinones and Fab 5 Freddy were given a gallery opening in Rome by art dealer Claudio Bruni. For many outside of New York, it was their first encounter with the art form.The new stencil graffiti genre were created in 1981 by graffiti artist Blek le Rat in Paris; by 1985 stencils had appeared in other cities including New York City, Sydney and Melbourne.

                                                        

                                                       Toyism

Toyism is an art movement that rose to prominence in The Netherlands in the 1990s. The toyist style of painting emphasizes narrative depictions featuring figurative rather than abstract objects focusing on aspects of the human condition.

Toyism is about the group, and not the individual artists, the individual artist is refffered to a toyist, every Toyist portrays his own unique story and so adds a new dimension to Toyism.

Although Toyism is not readily captured by any one sentence or genre, it can be recognised by its figurative style. The exciting play of smooth lines with sharp boundaries, dots and the power of bright contrasting colours, gives the paintings an extremely vivacious character.




        
                                                                   Shock Art



Shock art is a contemporary art that incorporates disturbing imagery, sound or scents to create a shocking experience. It is an increasingly marketable art, described by one art critic in 2001 as "the safest kind of art that an artist can go into the business of making today".
Aa group of young British artists, made headlines nationwide for including works that offended many, such as Chris Ofili's "The Holy Virgin Mary," which featured a black Virgin Mary with elephant feces on one breast and cutouts from pornographic magazines glued in the background, and Damien Hirst's dead animal's preserved in formaldehyde. As Peter Surace, co-owner of the Rare Gallery in New York, explained: "If you concentrate on the shock value of anything too much, you don't get beneath the surface to the more important issues that are trying to be raised Sometimes shock value is what the artist uses to get you to look at the work, but then they also expect you to dig deeper."